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Myrsine kauaiensis

Hillebr. (1888)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-Asterids Order: Ericales Family: Primulaceae Genus: Myrsine

kōlea [kolea]

Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Small branched shrubs or trees 1–2.5(–4) m tall.

Stems: Branches pale brown, younger ones yellowish green, glabrous.

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves simple. Alternate. Blades oblanceolate to narrowly elliptic or occasionally elliptic, (4.5–)5–9 cm long, 2–2.5(–3.5) cm wide. Apex acute to obtuse, ± minutely emarginate. Base narrowly cuneate to subtruncate. Surfaces glabrous, blades yellowish green, younger ones pale yellow or yellow with a reddish tinge, thinly fleshy. Margins entire, scarcely revolute. Midrib prominent, submarginal vein evident, venation otherwise inconspicuous. Petioles 2–5 mm long. Stipules absent.

Flowers: Flowers 3–5 in bracteolate fascicles often arising on short woody knobs below and among the leaves, pedicels 8–14 mm long, glabrous. Flowers apparently bisexual (perfect)(?). Calyx 4–5(6)-lobed, usually deeply so, the lobes imbricate or valvate in bud, punctate or with secretory lines, lobes ca. 0.5–0.7 mm long, margins sparsely ciliate. Petals yellow with reddish margins, 4–5(6)-lobed, the lobes nearly distinct or connate up to ½ their length, imbricate in bud, narrowly oblanceolate, 3–4 mm long, with prominent secretory lines, margins moderately ciliate. Anthers ca. 1.6 mm long, apex with a tuft of hairs. Ovary superior, 3–5(6)-carpellate, 1-celled; ovules few in a single row, ovary reduced and sterile or absent in staminate flowers; style very short or absent, terminal; stigma subsessile, capitate-angled.

Fruit: Drupes dark purple; subglobose; ca. 6–7 mm in diameter. Seeds 1 per fruit; small; dark colored; subglobose; excavated at base.

Ploidy:

Habitat: Diverse mesic forest to wet forest.

Elevation Range: 850–1,250 m.

Historical Distribution

Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Endemic

Island Status

Kaua'i Endemic

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Bibliography

Name Published In: Fl. Hawaiian Isl.: 280 (1888)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:941 (K)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Locality Habitat Basis of Record Description Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Myrsine kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 1706 Kauai BISH 1909-02-14
2 Myrsine kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Wet forest Preserved_Specimen Fosberg, F.R. 12693 Kauai BISH 1935-12-29
3 Myrsine kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 800 Kauai BISH 1917-07-03
4 Myrsine kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Heller, A.A. 2531 Kauai BISH 1895-07-09
5 Myrsine kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Heller, A.A. 2682 Kauai BISH 1895-08-06
6 Myrsine kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Stunted Metrosideros dominated forest. Preserved_Specimen Tree of 10 ft. on Dicranopteris covered slope. Leaves dull green above with reddish midvein and a pale area near base of blade, below dull, paler. Petioles reddish. Pedicel and calyx green; stigma whitish-green Flynn, T.W. 2068 Kauai BISH 1987-03-03
7 Myrsine kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. Kauai BISH 1916-10-01
8 Myrsine kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Seale, A. Kauai BISH 1900-04-27
9 Myrsine kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros-Cheirodendron mixed wet forest with matting ferns of Diplopterygium and Dicranopteris with Broussaisia arguta, Touchardia latifolia, Psychotria marinana, P. hexandra, Antidesma platyphylla, Kadua affinis, Melicope wawraeana, Vaccinium calycinum, Coprosma kauaense, Saderia spp., Cystope Preserved_Specimen Tree, 3 meters tall, laxly branched, with immature fruit, uncommon. Wood, K.R. 18790 Kauai BISH 2021-07-29
10 Myrsine kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Swamp Preserved_Specimen Hitchcock, A.S. 15523 Kauai BISH 1916-10-25
11 Myrsine kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros-Cheirodendron mixed wet forest with matting ferns of Diplopterygium& Dicranopteris w/ Broussaisia arguta, Touchardia latifolia,Psychotria mariniana, P. hexandra, Antidesma platyphylla, Kadua affinis, Melicope wawraeana, Vaccinium calycinum, Coprosma kauaense, Dubautia laxa, D. pale Preserved_Specimen Tree, 3m tall, moderately branched, stems gray-brown, immature fruit green, maturing purple-black, occasional with M. alyxifolia, Wood, K.R. 15705 Kauai BISH 2013-11-06
12 Myrsine kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros-Cheirodendron with matting ferns Diploterygium, Dicranopteris and mixed wet forest W/ Psychotria mariniana, Antidesma platyphylla, Kadua affinis, Melicope clusiifolia, Vaccinium calycinum, Coprosma kauaense, Dubautia lax, D. paleata, D. imbricata, windswept ridges forest patche Preserved_Specimen tree 2 m tall, stems gray-brown, crorolla lobes yellow-green with purple longitudinal lines, uncommon with M. fernseei Wood, K.R. 14467 Kauai BISH 2011-02-02
13 Myrsine kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 2347 Kauai BISH 1909-02-14
14 Myrsine kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 2344 Kauai BISH 1909-02-14
15 Myrsine kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Swampy forest Preserved_Specimen Tree 4 m. x 3cm., fl. reddish, fr. black St.John, H. 22921 Kauai BISH 1947-12-22
16 Myrsine kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Wet ohi'a forest with other native trees and a tree fern and native shrub understory. Preserved_Specimen Shrub; 3cm dia; 1-2m tall Higashino, P.K. 9678 Kauai BISH 1981-05-15
17 Myrsine kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Wet forest Preserved_Specimen Small tree 4 m. tall buds yellow lined with red Fosberg, F.R. 12693 Kauai BISH 1935-12-29
18 Myrsine kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros open mesic forest with adjacent transitional wet forest with Kadua affinis, Cheirodendron fauriei, Dicranopteris, Myrsine linearifolia, Scaevola procera, Xylosma, hawaiiense, Cyrtandra paludosa, Lysimachia sp., Santalum pyrularium, Dubautia laevigata, Psychotr. Preserved_Specimen Tree, 3 meters tall, well branched, stems gray-brown, leaves light green, with immature fruit, uncommon. Wood, K.R. 17117 Kauai BISH 2016-08-25
19 Myrsine kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Forested area/bog Preserved_Specimen Single shrub of four. Sterile Flynn, T.W. 679 Kauai BISH 1983-12-09
20 Myrsine kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Wet ohi'a forest with other native trees and a tree fern and native shrub understory. On partially exposed broad ridge Preserved_Specimen Warshauer, F.R. 3401 Kauai BISH 1981-05-15
21 Myrsine kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Phynchospora chinensis-Metrosideros montane wet bog w/ Oreobolus furcata, Melicope clusiifolia, Viola kauaiensis, Vaccinium dentatum, V. calycina, Dianella sandwicensis, Drosera anglica, Cheirodendron platyphyllum, Gahnia beecheyi, Dichanthelium cynodo Preserved_Specimen Tree, 2.5 m tall, trunk lichen covered gray-white, moderately branched, no flower or fruit, single tree, perhaps hybrid M. dentata x M. helleri. Wood, K.R. 18961 Kauai BISH 2022-04-07
22 Myrsine kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details NW side of peak; Acacia koa, Metrosideros, Psychotria greenwelliae, Psychotria mariniana, Pouteria, Pittosporum, Nestegis, Cheirodendron, Scaevola procera, Bobea brevipes, Pleomele aurea, Dicranopteris linearis, Melicope anisata, Ilex, Xylosma hawaiiense, Elaeocarpus, Perrottetia, Passiflora mollissima, Myrica faya, Rubus argutus, Psidium cattleianum Preserved_Specimen 25' tree; fruit Perlman, S. 18696 Kauai BISH 2003-12-19
23 Myrsine kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details partially closed canopy; Metrosideros polymorpha, Cheirodendron, Sadleria, Perrottetia sandwicensis, Dicranopteris linearis, Erigeron karvinskianus, Clidemia hirta Preserved_Specimen 5 m tree; peduncles, leaf midribs, and petioles deep magenta; leaves nearly sessile to 10 cm long Trauernicht, C. 467 Kauai BISH 2008-04-22
24 Myrsine kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros-Dicranopteris low statured wet forest with wind swept ridges and riparian vegetation, w/ Machaerina angustifolia, Gahnia beecheyi, Cheirodendron platyphylla, Psychotria mariniana, Dubautia laxa, Broussaisia arguta, Syzygium sandwicensis, Lobelia kauaiensis, Melicope feddei, Sphenomeris chinensis, Sadleria pallida. Preserved_Specimen Tree 4 m tall, stems gray-brown, lvs medium green above, pale green below, peduncle & flower parts yellow-green or yellow-white, uncommon. Wood, K.R. 12817 Kauai BISH 2008-02-21
25 Myrsine kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details In Acacia koa- Metrosideros mesic forest with Dodonaea viscosa, Bobea brevipes, Alyxia, Psychotria mariniana, Nestegis sandwicensis, Cheirodendron, Claoxylon sandwicensis, Dianella sandwicensis, Pouteria sandwicensis, Pleomele aurea, Myrsine knudsenii, Psychotria grandiflora, Myrica faya, Psidium cattleianum. Preserved_Specimen Tree 254 ft ht. , lvs glabrous, oblanccolate 4 - 5 cm x 2 cm, entire margins, midrib promient, submarginal vein evident, apex acute, base acute. Perlman, S. 18700 Kauai BISH 2003-12-19
26 Myrsine kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Predominantely native, wet forest. Coverd canopy. W/ Metrosideros polymorpha, Cheirodendron trigynum, Hedychium gardnerianum, Vaccinium calycinum, Melicope clusiifolia, Stenogyne purpurea, Leptecophylla taqmeiameiae, Elaphoglossum sp., Smilax melastom Preserved_Specimen Large shrub about 8 feet tall. In flower and early fruiting stage, Walsh, S. 419 Kauai BISH 2017-02-26
27 Myrsine kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Swamp Preserved_Specimen Shrubby, to 6 ft.; entire plant pale green Flynn, T.W. 1476 Kauai BISH 1986-01-29
28 Myrsine kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Lowland wet forest & shrubland with Metrosideros polymorpha & Dicranopteris linearis, also Antidesma & Syzygium, invaded by Psidium & Melastoma. Preserved_Specimen Small tree 2 m tall, leaves with costa pink beneath, tip of lamina recurved, flwoers pink in bud. Lorence, D.H. 7359 Kauai BISH 1993-02-09
29 Myrsine kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros forest. W/Cheirodendron, Elaeocarpus bifidus, Melicope anisata, Scaevola glabra, Leptecophylaa tameimeae, Pittosporum gayanum, Astelia argyrocoma. Preserved_Specimen Shrub 3 meter ht with fruit. Perlman, S. 23617 Kauai BISH 2013-08-13
30 Myrsine kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Forest, bog in fairly deep shade. Growing with Myrsine punctata. Preserved_Specimen Shrubby, to 3 ft. Flynn, T.W. 1472 Kauai BISH 1986-01-29
31 Myrsine kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Dubautia-Sadleria shrubland-fernland w/Dubautia imbricata subsp. acronaea, D. knudsenii subsp. filiformis, D. laxa subsp. hirsuta, D. paleata, D. raillardioides. D. pauciflorula, Sadleria cyatheoides, S. pallida, S. soueyetiana, S. squ Preserved_Specimen Wood, K.R. 16200 Kauai BISH 2015-01-08
32 Myrsine kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Wet Windward Metrosideros - Dicranopteris disturbed forest w/ Dicranopteris, Planchonella, Alyxia, Metrosideros polymorpha Preserved_Specimen Tangalin, N. 4693 Kauai BISH 2016-10-18
33 Myrsine kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Acacia koa- Metrosideros With Xylosma hawaiiense, Elaeocarpus bifidus, Melicope clusiifolia, Coprosma waimeae, Psychotria mariniana, Ilex anomala, Cheirodendron, Melicope anisata, Dodonaea viscosa, Rubus argutus Preserved_Specimen Tree 4 meter ht with fruit Perlman, S. 22467 Kauai BISH 2011-03-15
34 Myrsine kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Nearly pristine low, mossy wet forest with Metrosideros polymorpha vars. dominant, also Antidesma, Tetraplasandra, Syzygium, Cheirodendron, etc. the understory of Cyrtandra and ferns. Preserved_Specimen Tree 4 m tall with bushy crown. Leaves dark glossy green above, paler beneath, texture rugose-undulate. Fruits green. Lorence, D.H. 6793 Kauai BISH 1991-05-20
35 Myrsine kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Forest, bog in fairly deep shade. Preserved_Specimen Very full shrub of 6 ft. Flynn, T.W. 1473 Kauai BISH 1986-01-29
36 Myrsine kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Sadleria-Dubautia shrubland Machaerina angustifolia, Labordia waialeale, Metrosideros waialeale, Bidens forbesii, Metrosideros, Perrottebia sandwicensis Preserved_Specimen Shrub 4 ft ht with flower buds Perlman, S. 24282 Kauai BISH 2015-01-08
37 Myrsine kauaiensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Montane Wet Mixed Bog. W/ Astelia, Cheirodendron, Coprosma, Myrsine, Peperomia, Elaphoglossum, Lycopodium, Ilex, Clermontia, Smilax, Schiedea viscosum Preserved_Specimen Tree 10 ft. Lvs tightly clustered, alternate, light green above, white-green below. New lvs. Light to pink w/ purple petiole and dark pink midrib. Fruit green leaf glabrous Tangalin, N. 86 Kauai BISH 2004-06-11
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